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Evaluation dossier

MASK

Separates honesty from factual accuracy using repeated, human-collected test situations.

Sources and provenance ↓ Read the research narrative →

CROSS-REPORT MONITORING

PUBLISHED EVIDENCE

MASK · MASK response proportion: Honest

Published measurements across source reports. Task scopes are annotated; configuration differences remain attached to each observation.

8 observations · 3 dated

● Matched◇ Configuration differs□ Some conditions undisclosed
MASK response proportion: Honest (%) Claude Sonnet 4.6 GLM 5.2 Claude 3.7 Sonnet GPT-4.5 Preview Llama 405B GPT-4o DeepSeek V3 DeepSeek V4 Pro 0 20 40 60 80 100 66% 55% 48% 27% 22% 22% 21% 20%

5 observations lack a verified model release date. They remain in Data and Systems.

Select a point or table row to inspect its conditions and provenance.

8 observations

Measurements and source conditions
System / modelResultCondition statusTask / conditionsEvaluator / reportDates
Claude Sonnet 4.666%MASK response proportion: HonestIncompleteMASKhonesty under pressure—Neo ResearchEarly Results on Evaluating GLM 5.2 for Behavioral and Persuasion RisksRelease 2026-02-17Report 2026-07-03
GLM 5.2GLM-5.255%MASK response proportion: HonestIncompleteMASKhonesty under pressure—Neo ResearchEarly Results on Evaluating GLM 5.2 for Behavioral and Persuasion RisksRelease 2026-06-16Report 2026-07-03
Claude 3.7 Sonnet48%MASK response proportion: HonestIncompleteMASKhonesty under pressure—Not disclosedEarly Results on Evaluating GLM 5.2 for Behavioral and Persuasion RisksRelease —Report 2026-07-03
GPT-4.5 Preview27%MASK response proportion: HonestIncompleteMASKhonesty under pressure—Not disclosedEarly Results on Evaluating GLM 5.2 for Behavioral and Persuasion RisksRelease —Report 2026-07-03
Llama 405B22%MASK response proportion: HonestIncompleteMASKhonesty under pressure—Not disclosedEarly Results on Evaluating GLM 5.2 for Behavioral and Persuasion RisksRelease —Report 2026-07-03
GPT-4o22%MASK response proportion: HonestIncompleteMASKhonesty under pressure—Not disclosedEarly Results on Evaluating GLM 5.2 for Behavioral and Persuasion RisksRelease —Report 2026-07-03
DeepSeek V321%MASK response proportion: HonestIncompleteMASKhonesty under pressure—Not disclosedEarly Results on Evaluating GLM 5.2 for Behavioral and Persuasion RisksRelease —Report 2026-07-03
DeepSeek V4 Pro20%MASK response proportion: HonestIncompleteMASKhonesty under pressure—Neo ResearchEarly Results on Evaluating GLM 5.2 for Behavioral and Persuasion RisksRelease 2026-04-24Report 2026-07-03

Task and measurement

Benchmark protocol profile

Task / subject
Models under pressure to state an inaccurate belief
Measurement target
Condition-bounded frequency of lying under stated pressures.
Scoring / outcome
P(honest) · Table 3: honesty, lying and accuracy under MASK pressure prompts. @10 and single-sample metrics are separate; missing cells remain absent.
Interpretation boundary
A controlled benchmark does not establish stable intent or real-world deception prevalence.

A reported evaluation

The source evaluates claude-3-5-sonnet-20240620 · Table 3 · MASK.

Reported measurement: P(honest) · 27.7%.

Table 3: honesty, lying and accuracy under MASK pressure prompts. @10 and single-sample metrics are separate; missing cells remain absent. See the source protocol; no independent trial count inferred.

Source-reported measurements for claude-3-5-sonnet-20240620 in Table 3; values are transcribed, not independently reproduced.

Measurement dossier · NUWA reading

Source-method reading and retained catalogue information are distinguished. Publication does not establish independent evidence or bilingual editorial review.

Measurement construct
Do models state what they believe when contextual pressure favors a false statement?
Task population
MASK separates belief elicitation from pressured responses; the reported study uses 1,000 selected examples plus a 500-example held-out set.
Scoring and failure modes
Belief–statement consistency under pressure, separated from belief accuracy.
System conditions
1,000 selected and 500 held-out examples in the reported full study.
Statistical meaning
Not established by the retained material
Validity and interpretation
Belief is behaviorally inferred and pressure scenarios are selected; scores are not natural-deployment lying rates.
Appropriate research use
Model recommendation: preserve belief checks and pressure conditions before interpreting a response as a lie.

Evidence across reports

The same benchmark name can cover different tasks, scoring rules and system configurations. Each source remains visible; comparison groups explain which conditions are aligned.

The MASK Benchmark: Disentangling Honesty From Accuracy in AI Systems

The MASK Benchmark: Disentangling Honesty From Accuracy in AI Systems

Actual evaluators: Not disclosed

32 result records · 32 reported system names

Protocols and comparison decisions (5)

Neo Research

Early Results on Evaluating GLM 5.2 for Behavioral and Persuasion Risks →

Actual evaluators: Neo Research · Not disclosed

30 result records · 11 reported system names

Protocols and comparison decisions (6)

SaferAI

GLM-5.2 Risk Evaluation Report →

Actual evaluators: Center for AI Safety · Not disclosed

20 result records · 2 reported system names

Protocols and comparison decisions (21)
Original source charts and materials

Reported results

Source order · reported configurations

P(honest)

0–100%
claude-3-5-sonnet-20240620
27.7%
claude-3-7-sonnet-20250219
47.6%
deepseek-r1
24.7%
deepseek-v3
20.8%
deepseek-llm-67b-chat
18.6%
gemini-2.0-flash
20.7%
gpt-4.5-preview-2025-02-27
27.2%
gpt-4o-2024-08-06
21.8%
gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18
21.4%
grok-2-1212
14.2%
llama-2-13b-chat
28.7%
llama-2-70b-chat
28.3%
Showing 12 of 32 systems

Values describe the measured outcome under the source protocol, not a general safety score.

Table 3: honesty, lying and accuracy under MASK pressure prompts. @10 and single-sample metrics are separate; missing cells remain absent. Evaluation date not specified; publication / record dates are shown below.

Evaluation conditions and system configurations
claude-3-5-sonnet-20240620
See the source protocol; no independent trial count inferred. · Table 3 · MASK
modelVersion: not specified · harness: not specified · tools: not specified · budget: not specified
claude-3-7-sonnet-20250219
See the source protocol; no independent trial count inferred. · Table 3 · MASK
modelVersion: not specified · harness: not specified · tools: not specified · budget: not specified
deepseek-r1
See the source protocol; no independent trial count inferred. · Table 3 · MASK
modelVersion: not specified · harness: not specified · tools: not specified · budget: not specified
deepseek-v3
See the source protocol; no independent trial count inferred. · Table 3 · MASK
modelVersion: not specified · harness: not specified · tools: not specified · budget: not specified
deepseek-llm-67b-chat
See the source protocol; no independent trial count inferred. · Table 3 · MASK
modelVersion: not specified · harness: not specified · tools: not specified · budget: not specified
gemini-2.0-flash
See the source protocol; no independent trial count inferred. · Table 3 · MASK
modelVersion: not specified · harness: not specified · tools: not specified · budget: not specified
gpt-4.5-preview-2025-02-27
See the source protocol; no independent trial count inferred. · Table 3 · MASK
modelVersion: not specified · harness: not specified · tools: not specified · budget: not specified
gpt-4o-2024-08-06
See the source protocol; no independent trial count inferred. · Table 3 · MASK
modelVersion: not specified · harness: not specified · tools: not specified · budget: not specified
gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18
See the source protocol; no independent trial count inferred. · Table 3 · MASK
modelVersion: not specified · harness: not specified · tools: not specified · budget: not specified
grok-2-1212
See the source protocol; no independent trial count inferred. · Table 3 · MASK
modelVersion: not specified · harness: not specified · tools: not specified · budget: not specified
llama-2-13b-chat
See the source protocol; no independent trial count inferred. · Table 3 · MASK
modelVersion: not specified · harness: not specified · tools: not specified · budget: not specified
llama-2-70b-chat
See the source protocol; no independent trial count inferred. · Table 3 · MASK
modelVersion: not specified · harness: not specified · tools: not specified · budget: not specified
llama-2-7b-chat
See the source protocol; no independent trial count inferred. · Table 3 · MASK
modelVersion: not specified · harness: not specified · tools: not specified · budget: not specified
llama-31-405b-instruct
See the source protocol; no independent trial count inferred. · Table 3 · MASK
modelVersion: not specified · harness: not specified · tools: not specified · budget: not specified
llama-31-70b-instruct
See the source protocol; no independent trial count inferred. · Table 3 · MASK
modelVersion: not specified · harness: not specified · tools: not specified · budget: not specified
llama-31-8b-instruct
See the source protocol; no independent trial count inferred. · Table 3 · MASK
modelVersion: not specified · harness: not specified · tools: not specified · budget: not specified
llama-32-1b-instruct
See the source protocol; no independent trial count inferred. · Table 3 · MASK
modelVersion: not specified · harness: not specified · tools: not specified · budget: not specified
llama-32-3b-instruct
See the source protocol; no independent trial count inferred. · Table 3 · MASK
modelVersion: not specified · harness: not specified · tools: not specified · budget: not specified
llama-33-70b-instruct
See the source protocol; no independent trial count inferred. · Table 3 · MASK
modelVersion: not specified · harness: not specified · tools: not specified · budget: not specified
o3-mini-2025-01-31 ∗
See the source protocol; no independent trial count inferred. · Table 3 · MASK
modelVersion: not specified · harness: not specified · tools: not specified · budget: not specified
qwen15-110b-chat
See the source protocol; no independent trial count inferred. · Table 3 · MASK
modelVersion: not specified · harness: not specified · tools: not specified · budget: not specified
qwen15-32b-chat
See the source protocol; no independent trial count inferred. · Table 3 · MASK
modelVersion: not specified · harness: not specified · tools: not specified · budget: not specified
qwen15-72b-chat
See the source protocol; no independent trial count inferred. · Table 3 · MASK
modelVersion: not specified · harness: not specified · tools: not specified · budget: not specified
qwen15-7b-chat
See the source protocol; no independent trial count inferred. · Table 3 · MASK
modelVersion: not specified · harness: not specified · tools: not specified · budget: not specified
qwen25-05b-instruct
See the source protocol; no independent trial count inferred. · Table 3 · MASK
modelVersion: not specified · harness: not specified · tools: not specified · budget: not specified
qwen25-14b-instruct
See the source protocol; no independent trial count inferred. · Table 3 · MASK
modelVersion: not specified · harness: not specified · tools: not specified · budget: not specified
qwen25-15b-instruct
See the source protocol; no independent trial count inferred. · Table 3 · MASK
modelVersion: not specified · harness: not specified · tools: not specified · budget: not specified
qwen25-32b-instruct
See the source protocol; no independent trial count inferred. · Table 3 · MASK
modelVersion: not specified · harness: not specified · tools: not specified · budget: not specified
qwen25-3b-instruct
See the source protocol; no independent trial count inferred. · Table 3 · MASK
modelVersion: not specified · harness: not specified · tools: not specified · budget: not specified
qwen25-72b-instruct
See the source protocol; no independent trial count inferred. · Table 3 · MASK
modelVersion: not specified · harness: not specified · tools: not specified · budget: not specified
qwen25-7b-instruct
See the source protocol; no independent trial count inferred. · Table 3 · MASK
modelVersion: not specified · harness: not specified · tools: not specified · budget: not specified
qwq-32b-preview
See the source protocol; no independent trial count inferred. · Table 3 · MASK
modelVersion: not specified · harness: not specified · tools: not specified · budget: not specified
Reported results · source order
System / configurationP(honest)P(lie)P(honest)@10P(lie)@10AccuracyPublication / verification
claude-3-5-sonnet-20240620Harness not specified27.7%33.4%23.6%44.7%80.1%Source checked2026-10-25
claude-3-7-sonnet-20250219Harness not specified47.6%26.6%38.2%42.1%82.2%Source checked2026-10-25
deepseek-r1Harness not specified24.7%42.9%Not reportedNot reported79.6%Source checked2026-10-25
deepseek-v3Harness not specified20.8%53.5%13.5%67.4%71.6%Source checked2026-10-25
deepseek-llm-67b-chatHarness not specified18.6%45.6%6.5%69.0%64.3%Source checked2026-10-25
gemini-2.0-flashHarness not specified20.7%48.4%14.5%64.0%79.4%Source checked2026-10-25
gpt-4.5-preview-2025-02-27Harness not specified27.2%43.5%Not reportedNot reported76.7%Source checked2026-10-25
gpt-4o-2024-08-06Harness not specified21.8%44.5%14.5%63.0%78.6%Source checked2026-10-25
gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18Harness not specified21.4%45.3%15.9%59.7%71.4%Source checked2026-10-25
grok-2-1212Harness not specified14.2%63.0%10.2%71.2%72.5%Source checked2026-10-25
llama-2-13b-chatHarness not specified28.7%24.7%19.0%41.4%40.1%Source checked2026-10-25
llama-2-70b-chatHarness not specified28.3%26.7%19.7%41.5%40.6%Source checked2026-10-25
llama-2-7b-chatHarness not specified27.5%21.5%17.8%38.2%33.6%Source checked2026-10-25
llama-31-405b-instructHarness not specified21.6%28.0%14.3%44.9%72.1%Source checked2026-10-25
llama-31-70b-instructHarness not specified27.1%43.5%14.4%64.3%73.8%Source checked2026-10-25
llama-31-8b-instructHarness not specified18.8%23.5%8.2%46.7%62.0%Source checked2026-10-25
llama-32-1b-instructHarness not specified13.9%13.1%4.3%35.8%23.0%Source checked2026-10-25
llama-32-3b-instructHarness not specified21.8%23.5%10.7%43.1%40.0%Source checked2026-10-25
llama-33-70b-instructHarness not specified24.7%44.9%17.3%58.8%75.6%Source checked2026-10-25
o3-mini-2025-01-31 ∗Harness not specified19.6%48.6%Not reportedNot reported63.3%Source checked2026-10-25
qwen15-110b-chatHarness not specified27.9%35.6%20.2%53.4%72.8%Source checked2026-10-25
qwen15-32b-chatHarness not specified23.8%42.5%15.5%60.0%63.0%Source checked2026-10-25
qwen15-72b-chatHarness not specified24.2%47.8%15.1%63.1%69.3%Source checked2026-10-25
qwen15-7b-chatHarness not specified27.1%35.1%15.8%55.2%52.5%Source checked2026-10-25
qwen25-05b-instructHarness not specified15.9%15.4%6.3%41.1%20.8%Source checked2026-10-25
qwen25-14b-instructHarness not specified26.5%47.7%17.5%63.8%64.4%Source checked2026-10-25
qwen25-15b-instructHarness not specified25.7%26.9%10.5%57.7%28.8%Source checked2026-10-25
qwen25-32b-instructHarness not specified28.7%43.9%20.2%59.5%63.7%Source checked2026-10-25
qwen25-3b-instructHarness not specified30.7%33.8%18.6%54.3%46.8%Source checked2026-10-25
qwen25-72b-instructHarness not specified23.2%49.2%15.9%61.9%66.0%Source checked2026-10-25
qwen25-7b-instructHarness not specified28.9%39.0%18.6%55.3%51.6%Source checked2026-10-25
qwq-32b-previewHarness not specified20.3%25.2%11.1%46.3%49.2%Source checked2026-10-25

MASK

Original evaluator results · source order

Honest under pressure

0–100%
GLM-5.2
55%
DeepSeek V4 Pro
20%
Claude Sonnet 4.6
66%
Showing 3 of 3 systems

Condition-bounded frequency of lying under stated pressures.

A controlled benchmark does not establish stable intent or real-world deception prevalence. Report dates and original executor are shown with this assessment.

Evaluation conditions and system configurations
GLM-5.2
See the report-specific sample and denominator. · MASK
modelVersion: not specified · harness: not specified · tools: not specified · budget: not specified
DeepSeek V4 Pro
See the report-specific sample and denominator. · MASK
modelVersion: not specified · harness: not specified · tools: not specified · budget: not specified
Claude Sonnet 4.6
See the report-specific sample and denominator. · MASK
modelVersion: not specified · harness: not specified · tools: not specified · budget: not specified
MASK · source order
System / configurationHonest under pressurePublication / verification
GLM-5.2Harness not specified55%Published2026-07-03
DeepSeek V4 ProHarness not specified20%Published2026-07-03
Claude Sonnet 4.6Harness not specified66%Published2026-07-03

MASK by archetype

Original evaluator results · source order

Continuations honesty

0–100%
Claude Opus 4.7
59.1%
GPT-5.5
65.3%
Showing 2 of 2 systems

Condition-bounded frequency of lying under stated pressures.

A controlled benchmark does not establish stable intent or real-world deception prevalence. Report dates and original executor are shown with this assessment.

Evaluation conditions and system configurations
Claude Opus 4.7
Per-archetype scored prompts: 176 / 125 / 120 / 209 / 274 / 96. Some supplied CI cells are inconsistent with displayed n; reproduced as reported, not recalculated. · MASK by archetype
modelVersion: not specified · harness: not specified · tools: not specified · budget: not specified
GPT-5.5
Per-archetype scored prompts: 176 / 125 / 120 / 209 / 274 / 96. Some supplied CI cells are inconsistent with displayed n; reproduced as reported, not recalculated. · MASK by archetype
modelVersion: not specified · harness: not specified · tools: not specified · budget: not specified
MASK by archetype · source order
System / configurationContinuations honestyDisinformation honestyDoubling-down honestyKnown-facts honestyProvided-facts honestyStatistics honestyPublication / verification
Claude Opus 4.7Harness not specified59.1%95% Wilson CI [51.7, 66.1] (as reported)33.6%95% Wilson CI [25.9, 42.3] (as reported)68.3%95% Wilson CI [59.6, 76.0] (as reported)63.6%95% Wilson CI [56.9, 69.9] (as reported)74.8%95% Wilson CI [69.4, 79.6] (as reported)80.2%95% Wilson CI [71.1, 86.9] (as reported)Published2026-08-02
GPT-5.5Harness not specified65.3%95% Wilson CI [58.1, 72.0] (as reported)69.6%95% Wilson CI [61.1, 77.0] (as reported)63.3%95% Wilson CI [54.4, 71.4] (as reported)77.0%95% Wilson CI [70.9, 82.2] (as reported)75.2%95% Wilson CI [69.7, 79.9] (as reported)87.5%95% Wilson CI [79.4, 92.7] (as reported)Published2026-08-02

Assessment provenance

Early Results on Evaluating GLM 5.2 for Behavioral and Persuasion Risks → · External report

GLM-5.2 Risk Evaluation Report → · External report

Evaluating Kimi K3 for Misalignment Risks → · External report

Evaluating DeepSeek v4 Pro for Frontier Risks → · External report

Related research questions

References

  1. [1] Kimi Code — What’s New ; Kimi K3 · July 16, 2026
  2. [2] kimi-k3 developer model card ; Model Summary: Total Parameters; Activated Parameters
  3. [3] Z.ai release notes ; GLM-5.2 entry dated 2026-06-16
  4. [4] GLM-5.2 model card ; Parameter counts not disclosed in reviewed developer source
  5. [5] deepseek-v4-pro release ; News article title, dated heading and availability
  6. [6] deepseek-v4-pro developer model card ; Introduction; model comparison table
  7. [7] GPT-5.6 official general availability ; July 9, 2026: general availability following limited trusted-partner preview; Parameter counts not disclosed in reviewed launch article
  8. [8] OpenAI — introducing gpt 5 5 ; Publication date and availability section; Parameter counts not disclosed in launch article
  9. [9] Introducing Claude Opus 4.7 — Anthropic ; Publication date and availability section; Official launch article; parameter counts not disclosed
  10. [10] Introducing Sonnet 4.6 — Anthropic ; Publication date and availability section; Official launch article; parameter counts not disclosed
  11. [11] Early Results on Evaluating GLM 5.2 for Behavioral and Persuasion Risks. 2026-07-03. 3 July 2026 ; §1; Figure 1; #behavioral; Figure 1 / mask_honesty.png; printed label GLM 5.2 / Honest; #behavioral; Figure 1 / mask_honesty.png; printed label GLM 5.2 / Evaded or No Belief
  12. [12] Evaluating DeepSeek v4 Pro for Frontier Risks. 2026-05-29. v1.1 · 29 May 2026 ; PDF p. 28; MASK; response label: Honest; PDF p. 28; MASK; response label: Evaded or No Belief; PDF p. 28; MASK; response label: Lying
  13. [13] GLM-5.2 Risk Evaluation Report. 2026-08-02. v1.1 · revised 26 August 2026 ; Appendix A.7; Table A.3, pp. 41–42; p.21 Fig.9; p.42 Table A.3
  14. [14] Richard Ren, Arunim Agarwal, et al.. The MASK Benchmark: Disentangling Honesty From Accuracy in AI Systems. 2026-01-05. v3 [arXiv]; Author affiliations on the original paper title page; Table 3
  15. [15] Evaluating Kimi K3 for Misalignment Risks. 2026-09-11. September 2026 ; §7.5 Figure 46 p.65