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Evaluation dossier

CyberGym

Vulnerability reproduction in real software projects.

Sources and provenance ↓ Read the research narrative →

Research question

CyberGym asks whether an agent can turn a vulnerability description and a software project into an input that reproduces a real fault. The result is checked by execution, making the distinction between explaining a bug and demonstrating it observable.

Representative case: a file-processing vulnerability

In Appendix F, the authors compare agents working on a file-format task. One run modifies an existing repository test file and reaches the target fault; other runs build or generate candidate inputs without reproducing it. Appendix F contains the original trajectories.

The important distinction is between intermediate progress—finding files, building software, constructing an input—and the evaluator-confirmed outcome. A convincing narrative does not substitute for a valid reproduction.

Task and scoring

The task supplies a controlled software environment. The agent investigates the project and submits a candidate input; execution determines whether the intended vulnerability is triggered. Input-information levels and resource budgets change the task being measured.

Reading the results

Read reproduction rates alongside the harness, information level and budget. These are measurements of vulnerability reproduction, not end-to-end compromise of a deployed organization.

CROSS-REPORT MONITORING

PUBLISHED EVIDENCE

CyberGym · Vulnerability reproduction rate

Published measurements across source reports. Task scopes are annotated; configuration differences remain attached to each observation.

105 observations · 43 dated

● Matched◇ Configuration differs□ Some conditions undisclosed
Success rate (%) Multi-model (DeepSeek-V4.1-Flash, Abliterated GLM-5.2) · Lyrie Agent [3] Multi-model (Creation Model, DeepSeek-V4-Pro, Qwen 3.8 Max) · Creation \(天工\) [3] Multi-model (DeepSeek-V4-Flash, OrcaCyber-Zero-1.0) · OrcaCyber [3] DeepSeek-V4.1-Flash · RO0T Agent [3] GLM-5.3 · Sangfor AI [3] DeepSeek-V4-Flash · Ostorlab Neutron [3] DeepSeek-V4-Flash · VARAS-OneMind \(智安·宇盾\) [3] GLM-5.3 · Alipay AI4SDL [3] Multi-model (DeepSeek-V4-Flash, GLM-5.2, GLM-5.3, GLM-5.3-Flash) · NPC Agent System [3] Hero (finetuned from GLM-5.2) · Hero Agent [3] DeepSeek-V4-Pro · Panshi \(磐石\) [3] Multi-model (DeepSeek-V4-Pro, Creation Model, Qwen 3.8 Max) · Creation \(天工\) [3] 0 20 40 60 80 100 99.2% 98.5% 98% 97.7% 97.2% 97.1% 97% 96.8% 96.7% 96.6% 95.4% 95.3%
  1. CyberGym Level 1 hard-task matched subset
  2. CyberGym hard subset with token budgets
  3. level1
  4. level0
  5. level2
  6. level3

62 observations lack a verified model release date. They remain in Data and Systems.

Select a point or table row to inspect its conditions and provenance.

105 observations

Measurements and source conditions
System / modelResultCondition statusTask / conditionsEvaluator / reportDates
Multi-model (DeepSeek-V4.1-Flash, Abliterated GLM-5.2) · Lyrie Agent99.2%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10Lyrie AgentNot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease —Report —
Multi-model (Creation Model, DeepSeek-V4-Pro, Qwen 3.8 Max) · Creation \(天工\)98.5%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10Creation \(天工\)Not disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease —Report —
Multi-model (DeepSeek-V4-Flash, OrcaCyber-Zero-1.0) · OrcaCyber98%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10OrcaCyberNot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease —Report —
DeepSeek-V4.1-Flash · RO0T Agent97.7%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10RO0T AgentNot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease —Report —
GLM-5.3 · Sangfor AI97.2%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10Sangfor AINot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease —Report —
DeepSeek-V4-Flash · Ostorlab NeutronDeepSeek-V4-Flash97.1%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10Ostorlab NeutronNot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease 2026-04-24Report —
DeepSeek-V4-Flash · VARAS-OneMind \(智安·宇盾\)DeepSeek-V4-Flash97%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10VARAS-OneMind \(智安·宇盾\)Not disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease 2026-04-24Report —
GLM-5.3 · Alipay AI4SDL96.8%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10Alipay AI4SDLNot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease —Report —
Multi-model (DeepSeek-V4-Flash, GLM-5.2, GLM-5.3, GLM-5.3-Flash) · NPC Agent System96.7%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10NPC Agent SystemNot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease —Report —
Hero (finetuned from GLM-5.2) · Hero Agent96.6%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10Hero AgentNot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease —Report —
DeepSeek-V4-Pro · Panshi \(磐石\)DeepSeek V4 Pro95.4%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10Panshi \(磐石\)Not disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease 2026-04-24Report —
Multi-model (DeepSeek-V4-Pro, Creation Model, Qwen 3.8 Max) · Creation \(天工\)95.3%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10Creation \(天工\)Not disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease —Report —
GLM-5.3 · DoGNAVY95%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10DoGNAVYNot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease —Report —
Multi-model (DeepSeek-V4-Flash, DeepSeek-V4.1-Flash, GLM-5.3, GLM-5.3-Flash) · ai-deep-audit94.2%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10ai-deep-auditNot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease —Report —
DeepSeek-V4-Flash · RO0T AgentDeepSeek-V4-Flash94.2%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10RO0T AgentNot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease 2026-04-24Report —
DeepSeek-V4-Flash · Sangfor AIDeepSeek-V4-Flash93.2%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10Sangfor AINot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease 2026-04-24Report —
DeepSeek-V4-Flash · PwnBotDeepSeek-V4-Flash93.1%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10PwnBotNot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease 2026-04-24Report —
DeepSeek-V4.1-Flash · AiPy Mini92.8%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10AiPy MiniNot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease —Report —
Multi-model (DeepSeek-V4-Flash, GLM-5.2) · Ji Realm \(极境\)92.4%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10Ji Realm \(极境\)Not disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease —Report —
JT236B · JiuXuan \(九玄\)92.3%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10JiuXuan \(九玄\)Not disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease —Report —
Qwen-Internal · Spur91.8%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10SpurNot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease —Report —
DeepSeek-V4-Flash · NASHDeepSeek-V4-Flash91.4%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10NASHNot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease 2026-04-24Report —
Multi-model (Grok 4.5, Grok 4.6) · Gcsa Agent91.3%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10Gcsa AgentNot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease —Report —
DeepSeek-V4-Flash · FangcunCyberDeepSeek-V4-Flash91.3%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10FangcunCyberNot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease 2026-04-24Report —
DeepSeek-V4-Flash · Whitzard \(白泽\)DeepSeek-V4-Flash91.2%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10Whitzard \(白泽\)Not disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease 2026-04-24Report —
Claude Opus 4.6 · mnemeClaude Opus 4.691%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10mnemeNot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease 2026-02-05Report —
Multi-model (GPT-5.4, Claude Opus 4.6, Claude Sonnet 4.6) · MDASH91%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10MDASHNot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease —Report —
Multi-model (GPT-5.5, Claude Opus 4.6) · Wiz Atlas90.9%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10Wiz AtlasNot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease —Report —
GLM-5.2 · DoGNAVYGLM-5.290.8%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10DoGNAVYNot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease 2026-06-16Report —
DeepSeek-V4-Pro · HiAUDIT AgentDeepSeek V4 Pro90.6%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10HiAUDIT AgentNot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease 2026-04-24Report —
Claude Opus 4.6 · CrystallineClaude Opus 4.689.6%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10CrystallineNot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease 2026-02-05Report —
DeepSeek-V4-Flash · TriLaneDeepSeek-V4-Flash88.9%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10TriLaneNot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease 2026-04-24Report —
XekRung-1.5-27B-Preview (finetuned from Qwen3.8-27B) · XekRung Agent88.9%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10XekRung AgentNot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease —Report —
Multi-model (GPT-5.4, Claude Opus 4.6, Claude Sonnet 4.6) · MDASH88.4%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10MDASHNot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease —Report —
GPT-5.588.12%CyberGym pass@1IncompleteCyberGym Level 1 hard-task matched subsetCyberGym pass@150M tokens per task—Lyptus ResearchGLM-5.2 Risk Evaluation ReportRelease 2026-04-23Report 2026-08-02
DeepSeek-V4-Flash · GusionDeepSeek-V4-Flash87.1%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10GusionNot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease 2026-04-24Report —
Gemini 3.8 Flash Cyber · Google Antigravity86.3%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10Google AntigravityNot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease —Report —
GLM-5.2 · RedbudAIGLM-5.286.3%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10RedbudAINot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease 2026-06-16Report —
GLM-5.2 · Sangfor AIGLM-5.286.3%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10Sangfor AINot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease 2026-06-16Report —
Multi-model (MAI-Cyber-1-Flash, GPT-5.4, Claude Opus 4.6) · MDASH86.3%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10MDASHNot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease —Report —
ASL-Cyber-Flash (finetuned from DeepSeek-V4-Flash) · Claude Code85.9%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10Claude CodeNot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease —Report —
GPT-5.5-Cyber · OpenAI Agent85.6%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10OpenAI AgentNot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease —Report —
XekRung · Velldepth Agent85.3%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10Velldepth AgentNot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease —Report —
GLM-5.2 · Xuanwu Atuin AIGLM-5.284.8%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10Xuanwu Atuin AINot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease 2026-06-16Report —
GLM-5.3 · Claude Code84.5%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10Claude CodeNot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease —Report —
Feyospace-v1.1 (finetuned from Qwen3.8-27B) · Claude Code84.4%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10Claude CodeNot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease —Report —
GLM-5.1 · Xuanwu Atuin AI84%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10Xuanwu Atuin AINot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease —Report —
DeepSeek-V4-Pro · DeepSeek AgentDeepSeek V4 Pro83.3%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10DeepSeek AgentNot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease 2026-04-24Report —
Claude Mythos Preview · Anthropic AgentClaude Mythos Preview83.1%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10Anthropic AgentNot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease —Report —
GPT-5.5 · OpenAI AgentGPT-5.581.8%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10OpenAI AgentNot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease 2026-04-23Report —
Basin (basin1-0912-pre-dpo) · Codex CLI80%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10Codex CLINot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease —Report —
Grok 4.6 · Grok Build79.7%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10Grok BuildNot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease —Report —
Grok 4.5 · Grok Build79%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10Grok BuildNot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease —Report —
GPT-5.4 · OpenAI AgentGPT-5.479%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10OpenAI AgentNot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease 2026-03-05Report —
DeepSeek-V4-Flash · DeepSeek AgentDeepSeek-V4-Flash76.7%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10DeepSeek AgentNot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease 2026-04-24Report —
GLM-5.276.24%CyberGym pass@1IncompleteCyberGym Level 1 hard-task matched subsetprovider-default reasoning50M tokens per taskInspect EvalsSaferAIGLM-5.2 Risk Evaluation ReportRelease 2026-06-16Report 2026-08-02
GPT-5.4 · VARAS-OneMind \(智安·宇盾\)GPT-5.473.8%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10VARAS-OneMind \(智安·宇盾\)Not disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease 2026-03-05Report —
MiniMax M3 · MopMonk Agent73.1%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10MopMonk AgentNot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease —Report —
GLM-5.1 · JiuXuan \(九玄\)72.9%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10JiuXuan \(九玄\)Not disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease —Report —
GLM-5.1-FP8 · Whitzard \(白泽\)68.9%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10Whitzard \(白泽\)Not disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease —Report —
GLM-5.1 · Claude Code68.7%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10Claude CodeNot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease —Report —
Claude Sonnet 4.5 · Anthropic Agent66.7%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10Anthropic AgentNot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease —Report —
Claude Opus 4.6 · Anthropic AgentClaude Opus 4.666.6%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10Anthropic AgentNot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease 2026-02-05Report —
GPT-5.4 · Codex CLIGPT-5.466.3%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10Codex CLINot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease 2026-03-05Report —
Claude Sonnet 4.6 · Anthropic AgentClaude Sonnet 4.665.2%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10Anthropic AgentNot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease 2026-02-17Report —
DeepSeek-V4-Pro Preview · XD Agent64.1%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10XD AgentNot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease —Report —
GLM-5.263.37%CyberGym pass@1IncompleteCyberGym Level 1 hard-task matched subsetprovider-default reasoning10M tokens per taskInspect EvalsSaferAIGLM-5.2 Risk Evaluation ReportRelease 2026-06-16Report 2026-08-02
Feyospace-v1 · Claude Code63%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10Claude CodeNot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease —Report —
Claude Opus 4.1 · Anthropic AgentClaude Opus 4.161.3%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10Anthropic AgentNot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease 2025-08-05Report —
GPT-5 · SageAgentGPT-560.2%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10SageAgentNot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease 2025-08-07Report —
Claude Sonnet 4 · Anthropic Agent59.5%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10Anthropic AgentNot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease —Report —
Muse Spark 1.1 (helpful-only) · Meta Agent59%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10Meta AgentNot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease —Report —
DeepSeek-V4-Pro Preview · Claude Code57.7%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10Claude CodeNot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease —Report —
GPT-5.555.45%CyberGym pass@1IncompleteCyberGym Level 1 hard-task matched subsetCyberGym pass@12M tokens per task—Lyptus ResearchGLM-5.2 Risk Evaluation ReportRelease 2026-04-23Report 2026-08-02
Feyospace-v0 · Claude Code51.2%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10Claude CodeNot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease —Report —
Claude Opus 4.5 · Anthropic AgentClaude Opus 4.550.6%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10Anthropic AgentNot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease 2025-11-24Report —
Claude Sonnet 3.7 · Anthropic AgentClaude 3.7 Sonnet47.2%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10Anthropic AgentNot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease 2025-02-24Report —
Claude Opus 4.644.55%CyberGym pass@1IncompleteCyberGym Level 1 hard-task matched subsetCyberGym pass@12M tokens per task—Lyptus ResearchGLM-5.2 Risk Evaluation ReportRelease 2026-02-05Report 2026-08-02
Muse Spark · Meta AgentMuse Spark43.5%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10Meta AgentNot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease 2026-04-08Report —
GLM-5 · Claude CodeGLM-543.2%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10Claude CodeNot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease 2026-02-12Report —
Kimi K2.5 · Kimi Agent41.3%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10Kimi AgentNot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease —Report —
GPT-5 · OpenHandsGPT-539.4%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10OpenHandsNot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease 2025-08-07Report —
Gemini 3.1 Pro · Gemini CLIGemini 3.1 Pro38.8%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10Gemini CLINot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease 2026-02-19Report —
GLM-5.236.63%CyberGym pass@1IncompleteCyberGym Level 1 hard-task matched subsetprovider-default reasoning2M tokens per taskInspect EvalsSaferAIGLM-5.2 Risk Evaluation ReportRelease 2026-06-16Report 2026-08-02
Claude Sonnet 4.5 · Anthropic Agent28.9%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10Anthropic AgentNot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease —Report —
Claude Opus 4.1 · Anthropic AgentClaude Opus 4.125%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10Anthropic AgentNot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease 2025-08-05Report —
GLM-4.7 · Claude Code23.5%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10Claude CodeNot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease —Report —
Claude Sonnet 4 · Anthropic Agent22.6%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10Anthropic AgentNot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease —Report —
Claude Sonnet 4 · OpenHands17.9%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10OpenHandsNot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease —Report —
GPT-4.1 · OpenHands17.1%Success rateIncompletelevel3score_10OpenHandsNot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease —Report —
Claude Sonnet 3.7 · Anthropic AgentClaude 3.7 Sonnet14.5%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10Anthropic AgentNot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease 2025-02-24Report —
GPT-4.1 · OpenHands13.1%Success rateIncompletelevel2score_10OpenHandsNot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease —Report —
Claude Sonnet 3.7 · OpenHandsClaude 3.7 Sonnet11.9%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10OpenHandsNot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease 2025-02-24Report —
GPT-4.1 · OpenHands9.4%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10OpenHandsNot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease —Report —
GPT-4.1 · Cybench9%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10CybenchNot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease —Report —
GPT-4.1 · Codex CLI7.4%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10Codex CLINot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease —Report —
GPT-4.1 · ENiGMA7.2%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10ENiGMANot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease —Report —
Gemini 2.5 Flash Preview · OpenHands4.8%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10OpenHandsNot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease —Report —
DeepSeek-V3 · OpenHands3.6%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10OpenHandsNot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease —Report —
GPT-4.1 · OpenHands3.5%Success rateIncompletelevel0score_10OpenHandsNot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease —Report —
o4-mini · OpenHands2.5%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10OpenHandsNot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease —Report —
R2E-Gym-32B · OpenHands2%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10OpenHandsNot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease —Report —
Qwen3-235B-A22B · OpenHands1.9%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10OpenHandsNot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease —Report —
OpenHands-LM-32B · OpenHands1.7%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10OpenHandsNot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease —Report —
SWE-Gym-32B · OpenHands0.1%Success rateIncompletelevel1score_10OpenHandsNot disclosedCyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extractionRelease —Report —

Task and measurement

Benchmark protocol profile

Task / subject
AI agent reproducing historical vulnerabilities
Measurement target
Validated reproduction across a corpus of historical vulnerabilities.
Scoring / outcome
Reproduction at 2M tokens · Validated reproduction across a corpus of historical vulnerabilities.
Interpretation boundary
Vulnerability reproduction is narrower than autonomous compromise of deployed systems.
Measurement dossier · NUWA reading

Source-method reading and retained catalogue information are distinguished. Publication does not establish independent evidence or bilingual editorial review.

Measurement construct
Can agents reproduce real historical software vulnerabilities at scale, and how do input information, model and agent configuration change that ability?
Task population
Historical OSS-Fuzz cases are filtered for informative descriptions, reproducibility and redundancy. Agents receive a codebase and executable, iteratively submit candidate inputs and observe execution feedback. The primary level supplies a vulnerability description; other levels remove it or add a stack trace and patch information. The study focuses on sanitizer-detectable memory-safety failures, chiefly in C/C++ projects.
Scoring and failure modes
A successful reproducer triggers a sanitizer failure in the vulnerable version and no sanitizer failure in the patched version. Success rate is over evaluated instances; a hard-task subset, a random subset and the full suite are different denominators. Agent feedback and final receipt must be distinguished.
System conditions
Historical OSS-Fuzz cases are filtered for informative descriptions, reproducibility and redundancy. Agents receive a codebase and executable, iteratively submit candidate inputs and observe execution feedback. The primary level supplies a vulnerability description; other levels remove it or add a stack trace and patch information. The study focuses on sanitizer-detectable memory-safety failures, chiefly in C/C++ projects.
Statistical meaning
§4 Table 2 retains success numerators/denominators and Fisher exact / two-proportion Z tests for cutoff splits. Non-significance is not equivalence. Other result-specific intervals remain in their source records.
Validity and interpretation
Coverage favors sanitizer-visible memory safety and the available OSS-Fuzz/ARVO corpus. Description filtering and rephrasing use an LLM and a sampled human quality check. Public code and reports create contamination uncertainty. More input information changes the task. A later report’s different budget or scaffold cannot be treated as a controlled model-only improvement.
Appropriate research use
Model recommendation: require both vulnerable-trigger and patched-clean receipts, identify the exact task subset and information level, and keep run budget and agent settings alongside each score.

Evidence across reports

The same benchmark name can cover different tasks, scoring rules and system configurations. Each source remains visible; comparison groups explain which conditions are aligned.

SaferAI

GLM-5.2 Risk Evaluation Report →

Actual evaluators: SaferAI · Lyptus Research

7 result records · 3 reported system names

Protocols and comparison decisions (10)

CyberGym website

CyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extraction →

Actual evaluators: Not disclosed

99 result records · 91 reported system names

Protocols and comparison decisions (53)
Repeated presentation of the same measurement

Summary record → Detailed observation · §2.2 Figure3, 2M

Summary record → Detailed observation · §2.2 Figure3, 50M

These are not independent replications. Raw records remain available; monitoring summaries retain the detailed observation.

Original source charts and materials

Evaluation results

Reported by: CyberGym website · Executed by: Not established for every submission · Captured: 2026-10-26

The site reports submitted systems under different configurations. Per-row task counts, budgets and execution dates are not fully disclosed. Undefined metrics and unresolved identity rows are excluded. Raw JSON fractions are shown as percentages using ×100 and one-decimal rounding, matching the official renderer.

12 of 96 systems shown in source order

Success rate · level1

CyberGymSuccess rate · level1Source order · native units · configuration-specific0255075100DeepSeek-V4-Pro · DeepSeek Agent: 83.3%; level1; Budget not specifiedDeepSeek-V4-Pro · DeepSeek Agent83.3%Grok 4.5 · Grok Build: 79%; level1; Budget not specifiedGrok 4.5 · Grok Build79%Grok 4.6 · Grok Build: 79.7%; level1; Budget not specifiedGrok 4.6 · Grok Build79.7%GLM-5.3 · Claude Code: 84.5%; level1; Budget not specifiedGLM-5.3 · Claude Code84.5%Feyospace-v1.1 (finetuned from Qwen3.8-27B) · Claude Code: 84.4%; level1; Budget not specifiedFeyospace-v1.1 (finetuned fromQwen3.8-27B) · Claude Code84.4%Feyospace-v1 · Claude Code: 63%; level1; Budget not specifiedFeyospace-v1 · Claude Code63%Feyospace-v0 · Claude Code: 51.2%; level1; Budget not specifiedFeyospace-v0 · Claude Code51.2%ASL-Cyber-Flash (finetuned from DeepSeek-V4-Flash) · Claude Code: 85.9%; level1; Budget not specifiedASL-Cyber-Flash (finetuned fromDeepSeek-V4-Flash) · Claude Code85.9%Gemini 3.8 Flash Cyber · Google Antigravity: 86.3%; level1; Budget not specifiedGemini 3.8 Flash Cyber · GoogleAntigravity86.3%DeepSeek-V4-Pro · Panshi \(磐石\): 95.4%; level1; Budget not specifiedDeepSeek-V4-Pro · Panshi \(磐石\)95.4%DeepSeek-V4-Flash · NASH: 91.4%; level1; Budget not specifiedDeepSeek-V4-Flash · NASH91.4%Multi-model (DeepSeek-V4.1-Flash, Abliterated GLM-5.2) · Lyrie Agent: 99.2%; level1; Budget not specifiedMulti-model (DeepSeek-V4.1-Flash,Abliterated GLM-5.2) · Lyrie Agent99.2%https://www.cybergym.io/cybergym/
  1. DeepSeek Agent · Budget not specified
  2. Grok Build · Budget not specified
  3. Grok Build · Budget not specified
  4. Claude Code · Budget not specified
  5. Claude Code · Budget not specified
  6. Claude Code · Budget not specified
  7. Claude Code · Budget not specified
  8. Claude Code · Budget not specified
  9. Google Antigravity · Budget not specified
  10. Panshi \(磐石\) · Budget not specified
  11. NASH · Budget not specified
  12. Lyrie Agent · Budget not specified
Source-reported systems and evaluation conditions
SystemResultTask set / modeConfigurationDates / attribution
DeepSeek-V4-Pro · DeepSeek Agent83.3%level1score_10DeepSeek AgentNot specified · 1 trials2026-08-13Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
Grok 4.5 · Grok Build79%level1score_10Grok BuildNot specified · 1 trials2026-07-14Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
Grok 4.6 · Grok Build79.7%level1score_10Grok BuildNot specified · 1 trials2026-08-12Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
GLM-5.3 · Claude Code84.5%level1score_10Claude CodeNot specified · 1 trials2026-08-14Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
Feyospace-v1.1 (finetuned from Qwen3.8-27B) · Claude Code84.4%level1score_10Claude CodeNot specified · 1 trials2026-09-23Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
Feyospace-v1 · Claude Code63%level1score_10Claude CodeNot specified · 1 trials2026-09-08Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
Feyospace-v0 · Claude Code51.2%level1score_10Claude CodeNot specified · 1 trials2026-09-08Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
ASL-Cyber-Flash (finetuned from DeepSeek-V4-Flash) · Claude Code85.9%level1score_10Claude CodeNot specified · 1 trials2026-09-03Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
Gemini 3.8 Flash Cyber · Google Antigravity86.3%level1score_10Google AntigravityNot specified · 1 trials2026-09-10Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
DeepSeek-V4-Pro · Panshi \(磐石\)95.4%level1score_10Panshi \(磐石\)Not specified · 1 trials2026-09-04Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
DeepSeek-V4-Flash · NASH91.4%level1score_10NASHNot specified · 1 trials2026-09-01Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
Multi-model (DeepSeek-V4.1-Flash, Abliterated GLM-5.2) · Lyrie Agent99.2%level1score_10Lyrie AgentNot specified · 1 trials2026-09-15Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
DeepSeek-V4-Flash · PwnBot93.1%level1score_10PwnBotNot specified · 1 trials2026-09-27Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
Multi-model (DeepSeek-V4-Flash, OrcaCyber-Zero-1.0) · OrcaCyber98%level1score_10OrcaCyberNot specified · 1 trials2026-09-14Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
DeepSeek-V4-Flash · Ostorlab Neutron97.1%level1score_10Ostorlab NeutronNot specified · 1 trials2026-10-06Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
DeepSeek-V4-Pro · HiAUDIT Agent90.6%level1score_10HiAUDIT AgentNot specified · 1 trials2026-09-18Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
Basin (basin1-0912-pre-dpo) · Codex CLI80%level1score_10Codex CLINot specified · 1 trials2026-09-23Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
DeepSeek-V4.1-Flash · AiPy Mini92.8%level1score_10AiPy MiniNot specified · 1 trials2026-09-23Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
DeepSeek-V4-Flash · TriLane88.9%level1score_10TriLaneNot specified · 1 trials2026-09-20Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
Multi-model (DeepSeek-V4-Flash, GLM-5.2) · Ji Realm \(极境\)92.4%level1score_10Ji Realm \(极境\)Not specified · 1 trials2026-09-07Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
Multi-model (DeepSeek-V4-Flash, DeepSeek-V4.1-Flash, GLM-5.3, GLM-5.3-Flash) · ai-deep-audit94.2%level1score_10ai-deep-auditNot specified · 1 trials2026-09-18Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
Multi-model (DeepSeek-V4-Flash, GLM-5.2, GLM-5.3, GLM-5.3-Flash) · NPC Agent System96.7%level1score_10NPC Agent SystemNot specified · 1 trials2026-10-06Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
GLM-5.2 · RedbudAI86.3%level1score_10RedbudAINot specified · 1 trials2026-08-10Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
GLM-5.3 · DoGNAVY95%level1score_10DoGNAVYNot specified · 1 trials2026-08-17Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
GLM-5.2 · DoGNAVY90.8%level1score_10DoGNAVYNot specified · 1 trials2026-08-03Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
Multi-model (Grok 4.5, Grok 4.6) · Gcsa Agent91.3%level1score_10Gcsa AgentNot specified · 1 trials2026-08-25Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
Claude Opus 4.6 · mneme91%level1score_10mnemeNot specified · 1 trials2026-07-13Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
DeepSeek-V4-Flash · VARAS-OneMind \(智安·宇盾\)97%level1score_10VARAS-OneMind \(智安·宇盾\)Not specified · 1 trials2026-09-16Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
GPT-5.4 · VARAS-OneMind \(智安·宇盾\)73.8%level1score_10VARAS-OneMind \(智安·宇盾\)Not specified · 1 trials2026-08-14Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
DeepSeek-V4-Flash · Gusion87.1%level1score_10GusionNot specified · 1 trials2026-08-16Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
DeepSeek-V4-Flash · FangcunCyber91.3%level1score_10FangcunCyberNot specified · 1 trials2026-08-16Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
GLM-5.3 · Alipay AI4SDL96.8%level1score_10Alipay AI4SDLNot specified · 1 trials2026-09-06Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
Multi-model (Creation Model, DeepSeek-V4-Pro, Qwen 3.8 Max) · Creation \(天工\)98.5%level1score_10Creation \(天工\)Not specified · 1 trials2026-09-07Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
Multi-model (DeepSeek-V4-Pro, Creation Model, Qwen 3.8 Max) · Creation \(天工\)95.3%level1score_10Creation \(天工\)Not specified · 1 trials2026-08-30Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
Qwen-Internal · Spur91.8%level1score_10SpurNot specified · 1 trials2026-09-03Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
Hero (finetuned from GLM-5.2) · Hero Agent96.6%level1score_10Hero AgentNot specified · 1 trials2026-09-03Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
DeepSeek-V4.1-Flash · RO0T Agent97.7%level1score_10RO0T AgentNot specified · 1 trials2026-09-18Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
DeepSeek-V4-Flash · RO0T Agent94.2%level1score_10RO0T AgentNot specified · 1 trials2026-08-26Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
DeepSeek-V4-Flash · DeepSeek Agent76.7%level1score_10DeepSeek AgentNot specified · 1 trials2026-07-31Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
XekRung · Velldepth Agent85.3%level1score_10Velldepth AgentNot specified · 1 trials2026-08-03Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
XekRung-1.5-27B-Preview (finetuned from Qwen3.8-27B) · XekRung Agent88.9%level1score_10XekRung AgentNot specified · 1 trials2026-09-13Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
JT236B · JiuXuan \(九玄\)92.3%level1score_10JiuXuan \(九玄\)Not specified · 1 trials2026-10-16Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
GLM-5.1 · JiuXuan \(九玄\)72.9%level1score_10JiuXuan \(九玄\)Not specified · 1 trials2026-08-03Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
Multi-model (GPT-5.5, Claude Opus 4.6) · Wiz Atlas90.9%level1score_10Wiz AtlasNot specified · 1 trials2026-07-27Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
GLM-5.3 · Sangfor AI97.2%level1score_10Sangfor AINot specified · 1 trials2026-09-02Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
DeepSeek-V4-Flash · Sangfor AI93.2%level1score_10Sangfor AINot specified · 1 trials2026-08-08Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
GLM-5.2 · Sangfor AI86.3%level1score_10Sangfor AINot specified · 1 trials2026-07-21Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
DeepSeek-V4-Flash · Whitzard \(白泽\)91.2%level1score_10Whitzard \(白泽\)Not specified · 1 trials2026-08-07Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
GLM-5.1-FP8 · Whitzard \(白泽\)68.9%level1score_10Whitzard \(白泽\)Not specified · 1 trials2026-07-21Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
DeepSeek-V4-Pro Preview · Claude Code57.7%level1score_10Claude CodeNot specified · 1 trials2026-07-13Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
DeepSeek-V4-Pro Preview · XD Agent64.1%level1score_10XD AgentNot specified · 1 trials2026-08-11Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
Muse Spark 1.1 (helpful-only) · Meta Agent59%level1score_10Meta AgentNot specified · 1 trials2026-07-09Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
GLM-5.2 · Xuanwu Atuin AI84.8%level1score_10Xuanwu Atuin AINot specified · 1 trials2026-07-22Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
GLM-5.1 · Xuanwu Atuin AI84%level1score_10Xuanwu Atuin AINot specified · 1 trials2026-07-02Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
MiniMax M3 · MopMonk Agent73.1%level1score_10MopMonk AgentNot specified · 1 trials2026-06-28Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
GPT-5.5-Cyber · OpenAI Agent85.6%level1score_10OpenAI AgentNot specified · 1 trials2026-06-22Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
Claude Opus 4.6 · Crystalline89.6%level1score_10CrystallineNot specified · 1 trials2026-06-08Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
Multi-model (GPT-5.4, Claude Opus 4.6, Claude Sonnet 4.6) · MDASH91%level1score_10MDASHNot specified · 1 trials2026-06-17Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
Multi-model (MAI-Cyber-1-Flash, GPT-5.4, Claude Opus 4.6) · MDASH86.3%level1score_10MDASHNot specified · 1 trials2026-07-27Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
Multi-model (GPT-5.4, Claude Opus 4.6, Claude Sonnet 4.6) · MDASH88.4%level1score_10MDASHNot specified · 1 trials2026-05-12Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
Muse Spark · Meta Agent43.5%level1score_10Meta AgentNot specified · 1 trials2026-04-14Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
GPT-5.4 · OpenAI Agent79%level1score_10OpenAI AgentNot specified · 1 trials2026-04-23Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
GPT-5.5 · OpenAI Agent81.8%level1score_10OpenAI AgentNot specified · 1 trials2026-04-23Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
GLM-5 · Claude Code43.2%level1score_10Claude CodeNot specified · 1 trials2026-02-12Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
GLM-5.1 · Claude Code68.7%level1score_10Claude CodeNot specified · 1 trials2026-04-07Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
GPT-5.4 · Codex CLI66.3%level1score_10Codex CLINot specified · 1 trials2026-04-07Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
Gemini 3.1 Pro · Gemini CLI38.8%level1score_10Gemini CLINot specified · 1 trials2026-04-07Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
GLM-4.7 · Claude Code23.5%level1score_10Claude CodeNot specified · 1 trials2026-02-12Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
Kimi K2.5 · Kimi Agent41.3%level1score_10Kimi AgentNot specified · 1 trials2026-02-02Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
GPT-5 · SageAgent60.2%level1score_10SageAgentNot specified · 1 trials2026-02-09Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
Claude Mythos Preview · Anthropic Agent83.1%level1score_10Anthropic AgentNot specified · 1 trials2026-04-07Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
Claude Opus 4.6 · Anthropic Agent66.6%level1score_10Anthropic AgentNot specified · 1 trials2026-02-05Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
Claude Sonnet 4.6 · Anthropic Agent65.2%level1score_10Anthropic AgentNot specified · 1 trials2026-02-17Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
Claude Opus 4.5 · Anthropic Agent50.6%level1score_10Anthropic AgentNot specified · 1 trials2026-02-05Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
Claude Sonnet 4.5 · Anthropic Agent66.7%level1score_10Anthropic AgentNot specified · 30 trials2025-09-29Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
Claude Opus 4.1 · Anthropic Agent61.3%level1score_10Anthropic AgentNot specified · 30 trials2025-09-29Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
Claude Sonnet 4 · Anthropic Agent59.5%level1score_10Anthropic AgentNot specified · 30 trials2025-09-29Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
Claude Sonnet 3.7 · Anthropic Agent47.2%level1score_10Anthropic AgentNot specified · 30 trials2025-09-29Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
Claude Sonnet 4.5 · Anthropic Agent28.9%level1score_10Anthropic AgentNot specified · 1 trials2025-09-29Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
Claude Opus 4.1 · Anthropic Agent25%level1score_10Anthropic AgentNot specified · 1 trials2025-09-29Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
Claude Sonnet 4 · Anthropic Agent22.6%level1score_10Anthropic AgentNot specified · 1 trials2025-09-29Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
Claude Sonnet 3.7 · Anthropic Agent14.5%level1score_10Anthropic AgentNot specified · 1 trials2025-09-29Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
Claude Sonnet 4 · OpenHands17.9%level1score_10OpenHandsNot specified · 1 trials2025-05-23Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
Claude Sonnet 3.7 · OpenHands11.9%level1score_10OpenHandsNot specified · 1 trials2025-05-15Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
GPT-5 · OpenHands39.4%level1score_10OpenHandsNot specified · 1 trials2025-12-05Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
GPT-4.1 · OpenHands9.4%level1score_10OpenHandsNot specified · 1 trials2025-05-15Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
GPT-4.1 · Cybench9%level1score_10CybenchNot specified · 1 trials2025-05-15Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
GPT-4.1 · Codex CLI7.4%level1score_10Codex CLINot specified · 1 trials2025-05-15Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
GPT-4.1 · ENiGMA7.2%level1score_10ENiGMANot specified · 1 trials2025-05-15Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
Gemini 2.5 Flash Preview · OpenHands4.8%level1score_10OpenHandsNot specified · 1 trials2025-05-15Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
DeepSeek-V3 · OpenHands3.6%level1score_10OpenHandsNot specified · 1 trials2025-05-15Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
o4-mini · OpenHands2.5%level1score_10OpenHandsNot specified · 1 trials2025-05-15Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
R2E-Gym-32B · OpenHands2%level1score_10OpenHandsNot specified · 1 trials2025-05-15Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
Qwen3-235B-A22B · OpenHands1.9%level1score_10OpenHandsNot specified · 1 trials2025-05-15Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
OpenHands-LM-32B · OpenHands1.7%level1score_10OpenHandsNot specified · 1 trials2025-05-15Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
SWE-Gym-32B · OpenHands0.1%level1score_10OpenHandsNot specified · 1 trials2025-05-15Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
GPT-4.1 · OpenHands3.5%level0score_10OpenHandsNot specified · ? trials2025-05-15Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
GPT-4.1 · OpenHands13.1%level2score_10OpenHandsNot specified · ? trials2025-05-15Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified
GPT-4.1 · OpenHands17.1%level3score_10OpenHandsNot specified · ? trials2025-05-15Source row date; semantics unspecified · CyberGym website · Executor: Not specified

Version and extraction scope →

Assessment provenance

GLM-5.2 Risk Evaluation Report → · External report

CyberGym official snapshot → · External report

Evaluating Kimi K3 for Misalignment Risks → · External report

Related research questions

References

  1. [1] Zhun Wang, Tianneng Shi, et al.. CyberGym: Evaluating AI Agents' Real-World Cybersecurity Capabilities at Scale. 2026-03-24. v3 [arXiv]; §3.2; Appendix E; Appendix F, Figures 22–24; Author affiliations on the original paper title page; Figure 2
  2. [2] Kimi Code — What’s New ; Kimi K3 · July 16, 2026
  3. [3] kimi-k3 developer model card ; Model Summary: Total Parameters; Activated Parameters
  4. [4] Z.ai release notes ; GLM-5.2 entry dated 2026-06-16; GLM-5 entry dated 2026-02-12
  5. [5] GLM-5.2 model card ; Parameter counts not disclosed in reviewed developer source
  6. [6] deepseek-v4-pro release ; News article title, dated heading and availability
  7. [7] deepseek-v4-pro developer model card ; Introduction; model comparison table
  8. [8] OpenAI — introducing gpt 5 5 ; Publication date and availability section; Parameter counts not disclosed in launch article
  9. [9] OpenAI — introducing gpt 5 4 ; Publication date and availability section; Parameter counts not disclosed in launch article
  10. [10] Claude Opus 4.6 — Anthropic ; Publication date and availability section; Official launch article; parameter counts not disclosed
  11. [11] OpenAI — introducing gpt 5 ; Publication date and availability section; Parameter counts not disclosed in launch article
  12. [12] Introducing Sonnet 4.6 — Anthropic ; Publication date and availability section; Official launch article; parameter counts not disclosed
  13. [13] Claude 3.7 Sonnet and Claude Code — Anthropic ; Publication date and availability section; Official launch article; parameter counts not disclosed
  14. [14] Claude Opus 4.1 — Anthropic ; Publication date and availability section; Official launch article; parameter counts not disclosed
  15. [15] Introducing Claude Opus 4.5 — Anthropic ; Publication date and availability section; Official launch article; parameter counts not disclosed
  16. [16] Gemini 3.1 Pro: Announcing our latest Gemini AI model ; Publication date and availability section; Official launch article; parameter counts not disclosed
  17. [17] deepseek-v4-flash developer model card ; Introduction; model comparison table
  18. [18] Meta — muse-spark ; Dated launch and explicit availability; Parameter counts not disclosed in reviewed developer source
  19. [19] glm-5 developer model card ; Introduction: model scaling
  20. [20] GLM-5.2 Risk Evaluation Report. 2026-08-02. v1.1 · revised 26 August 2026 ; §2.2; Figure 3; p.8 Fig.3 printed bar label
  21. [21] Jack Payne, Jeremy Miller, et al.. Offensive Cybersecurity Time Horizons. 2026-04-02
  22. [22] Jack Payne, Sean Peters. GPT-5.5 Saturates Our Offensive Cybersecurity Time Horizons. 2026-05-27
  23. [23] Lyptus Cyber Task Horizons: aggregate model runs
  24. [24] CyberGym official leaderboard and machine-data extraction ; /level1/0/score_10; /level1/1/score_10; /level1/2/score_10
  25. [25] Evaluating Kimi K3 for Misalignment Risks. 2026-09-11. September 2026 ; §2.1.3 p.21